Description
A blue-green, spiral-shaped photosynthetic cyanobacterium used in aquaculture feed and biotechnology for its high protein content and easy large-scale cultivation.
Key characteristics:
- Cell size/shape: Filamentous, helical trichomes ~3–12 µm wide, up to several hundred µm long
- Doubling time: ~1–3 days under optimal conditions (faster in high-density, well-aerated cultures)
- Native habitat: Alkaline lakes and warm freshwater bodies in tropical/subtropical regions
- Optimal temperature: 30–35°C
- Optimal pH: 9.0–11.0 (highly alkaline)
- Light requirement: Moderate to high intensity; photoautotrophic
- Nutrient needs: Nitrogen (typically nitrate), bicarbonate/carbonate, and trace minerals (commonly cultured in Zarrouk’s medium)
- Key composition: Up to 60–70% protein by dry weight, plus phycocyanin, chlorophyll and carotenoids


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